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{| class=infobox font-size: 95%"! align=center style="background:#f0f0f0" |
Graffiti Art|-|
|-| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;border-top:1px #ccc solid;" | Wikipedia:WikiProject Graffiti|}A
stencil is a template used to
drawing or
painting identical Letter (alphabet),
symbols, shapes, or patterns every time it is used. Stencil technique in visual art is also referred to as
pochoir.Stencils are formed by removing sections from template material in the form of text or an image. This creates what is essentially a physical
negative (photography). The template can then be used to create impressions of the stenciled image, by applying
pigment on the surface of the template and through the removed sections, leaving a reproduction of the stencil on the underlying surface. Aerosol paint or painting stencils must remain contiguous after the image is removed, in order for the template to remain functional. Sections of the remaining template which are isolated inside removed parts of the image are called
islands. All islands must be connected to other parts of the template with
bridges, or additional sections of narrow template material which are not removed.
A related technique (which has found applicability in some
surrealist techniques compositions) is
Aerography (arts), in which spray-painting is done
around a three-dimensional object. This technique is similar to cave paintings dating back tens of thousands of years, where hand print outlines are found surrounded by other artwork, such as paintings of animals. The artist would spray pigment around his hand with his mouth. A hollow bone or reed may have also been employed to direct the stream of pigment.
Silk-screen printing also uses a stencil process, as does Mimeograph machine. The masters from which mimeographed pages are printed are often called "stencils." Stencils can be made with one or many colour layers using different color separation, with most stencils designed to be applied as solid colours. In silk-screening and mimeography, images to be stenciled will be broken down into color layers and multiple stencils are used on the same surface to produce multi-colored images.
Aerosol stencils
Aerosol stencils have many practical applications and the stencil concept is used frequently in industrial, commercial, artistic, residential and recreational settings, as well as by the military, government and infrastructure management. A template is used to create an outline for the image. Stencils templates can be made from any material which will hold its form, ranging from plain paper, cardboard, plastic sheets, metals and wood.
Official use
" - Stencil on the Berlin WallStencils are frequently used by official organizations, including the military, utility companies and governments, to quickly and clearly label objects, vehicles and locations. Stencils for official application can be customized, or purchased as individual letters, numbers and symbols. This allows the user to arrange words, phrases and other labels from one set of templates, unique to the item being labeled. When objects are labeled using a single template alphabet, it makes it easier to identify their affiliation or source.
Street stencils
Stencils have also become popular for
graffiti, since stencil art using
aerosol paint can be produced quickly and easily. These qualities are important for graffiti artists where stenciling is illegal or quasi-legal, depending on the city and stenciling surface. The extensive lettering possible with stencils makes it especially attractive to political artists. For example, the anarcho-punk band
Crass used stencils of anti-war,
anarchism,
feminism and
consumerism messages in a long-term graffiti campaign around the London Underground system and on advertising billboards. Also well known for their use of stencil art are
Blek le Rat from France,
Banksy, a British artist and New York artist
John Fekner.
Home stenciling
A common tradition for stencils is in home decorating and
arts & crafts. Home decor stencils are an important part of the DIY (Do It Yourself) industry. There are prefabricated stencil templates available for home decoration projects from hardware stores, arts & crafts stores and through the internet. Stencils are usually applied in the home with a paint or roller brush along wall borders and as trim. They can also be applied with a painted sponge for a textured effect.
Stencils templates can be purchased or constructed individually. Prefabricated stencils are most commonly made of flexible plastics, including acetate, mylar and
vinyl. Some stencils are sold as children's toys.
Other stencil forms
being cut. Note the scalpel as a cutting tool.A stencil technique is employed in
screenprinting which uses a tightly woven mesh
screen coated in a thin layer of emulsion to reproduce the original image. As the stencil is attached to the screen, a contiguous template is not necessary.A stencil used in airbrushing called a
frisket is pressed directly on the artwork. It can be used control or contain overspray, create sharp or complex shapes, but is not designed to be used more than once.
History
Stencils may have been used to color cloth for a very long time; the technique probably reached its peak of sophistication in
Katazome and other techniques used on silks for clothes during the Edo period in Japan. In Europe, from about 1450 they were very commonly used to colour old master prints printed in black and white, usually
woodcuts. This was especially the case with playing-cards, which continued to be coloured by stencil long after most other subjects for prints were left in black and white. Stenciling back in the 2600 BC's was different. They used color from plants and flowers such as indigo (which extracts blue). Stencils were used for mass publications, as the type didn't have to be hand-written. The first book to be printed using stencils was the bible.
See also
External links
- Spray Paint Stencils
- Blade Diary. Stencil Blog
- Stencilry. Stencils and tutorials
- Stencil Punks
- A Brief History of the Stenso Lettering Company
Stencil art Contemporary Canvas Designs
WHoArtNow.co.uk | Specialist designers of seriously funky canvas art | Customised Prints | Your Image on canvas | In-house U.K. artists | Over 750 unique designs
Stencil Craft Home Page
Hand cut stencils from a catalogue of over 220 original designs. Design service at same cost as pre-cut stencils of similar size. Paint, crayons, brushes and other related supplies
Stencil Craft Examples
Stencil Craft Examples ... Please note that all pages containing examples of work involvepotentially lengthy downloads of graphical images and are best viewed on a monitor that can ...
Make A Mural Stencils. Stencil your own Mural. Also Hand Painted ...
Stencil sets and home decor accessories for children's rooms.
Stencil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A stencil is a template used to draw or paint identical letters, symbols, shapes, or patterns every time it is used. Stencil technique in visual art is also referred to as pochoir.
Stencil graffiti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stencil graffiti makes use of a paper, cardboard, or other media to create an image or text that is easily reproduceable. The desired design is cut out of the selected medium and ...
Stencils from The Stencil Library - Over 3500 stencil designs ...
Stencils from our catalogue of over 3500 decorative stencil designs. Authentic historical STENCIL design side by side with contemporary imagery and many stenciling tips
Stencil - Home
2001-2008, Stencil Pty Limited.
STENCIL WAREHOUSE - Wall Stencils, Alphabet Stencils, Custom Made Logo ...
Wide range of stencil designs and stencilling accessories.
Stencil-Tech - Decorative Concrete Stencil Experts - Manufacturers ...
UK based manufacturer and supplier of rolled stencils for the decorative concrete and building industry.